World Congress on Non-Communicable Diseases and Therapies December 08-09, 2016 Phoenix, Arizona, USA

Cancer, are also known as a malignant tumor or malignant neoplasm, this is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade and/or spread to the other parts of the body. Cancer can start anywhere in the human body which is made up of trillions of cells. Human cells grow, divide to form new cells as the body needs them in that way. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place, many cancers form solid tumors, which are the  masses of tissue. Cancers of blood, such as leukemia’s, generally do not form solid tumors. Many cancers can be prevented by avoiding smoking and maintaining a healthy weight, not drinking  much alcohol, eating plenty vegetables, fruits, whole grains, getting  vaccinated against certain infectious diseases, not eating  much processed and red meat,  avoiding  much exposure to sunlight. Systemic symptoms include unintentional weight loss, fever, excessively tired, changes to the skin. Hodgkin disease, leukemias, cancers of the liver or kidney can cause a persistent fever of unknown origin.

Chronic respiratory diseases are diseases of airways and other structures of the lung. Some of the most common are COPD, pulmonary hypertension, occupational lung diseases and asthma. Tobacco smoke is a major key factor in the development and progression respiratory diseases, including COPD although exposure to air pollutants in the home, workplace, genetic factors, and also  respiratory infections also play a role. Antibiotics and corticosteroids are used in treating patients with acute exacerbations of this disease  and clinicians choose different antibiotics and varying doses of steroids. COPD affects more men than women, however the rates in women are increasing.

Autoimmune disorder occurs when our  body’s immune system attacks and destroys healthy body tissue by mistake. There are over  80 types of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases can affect many parts of the body. Getting a diagnosis can be frustrating and stressful. Moreover, the first symptoms are fatigue, muscle aches and a low fever. The classic signs for autoimmune disease is inflammation, which causes redness, heat, pain and swelling. Many people take medicines to reduce the immune system's abnormal response. They are called immunosuppressive medicines. Symptoms of autoimmune disorders can come and go. If  symptoms get worse, it is called a flare-up.

Chronic kidney disease is progressive loss in kidney function over a period of months or years. You may develop complications like high blood pressure, poor nutritional health, weak bones and nerve damage. The symptoms of worsening kidney function is  not specific, and include feeling generally unwell and experiencing a reduced appetite. Chronic kidney disease may not become recognizable  until your kidney function is significantly impaired. Chronic kidney disease is diagnosed  by  blood test for creatinine, which is a breakdown product of muscle metabolism. Higher levels of creatinine show a lower glomerular filtration rate and a decreased capability of the kidneys to excrete waste products. The presence of CKD confers an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and people with CKD usually  have other risk factors for heart disease, as high blood lipids. The most common cause of death in people with CKD is cardiovascular disease more than kidney failure.

Diabetes is one of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Diabetes is due to pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. Having too much glucose in your blood  causes serious problems. It can damage your eyes, nerves and kidneys. Diabetes causes heart disease, stroke and sometimes need to remove a limb. Pregnant women may also get diabetes, called gestational diabetes. All types of diabetes increase the risk of long-term complications. The complications of diabetes may include  to damage in small blood vessels, damage to the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. 

Alzheimer's disease is one  type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. It is an irreversible, increased  brain disorder which  slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually the ability to carry out the simplest tasks.  Risk factors include a history of head injuries, depression, or hypertension. The causes of dementia may  vary, depending on the types of brain changes that may be taking place. As Alzheimer’s disease improves, people have memory loss and other cognitive difficulties. In the later stages of Alzheimer's disease some may become much aware of what is happening around them. They may  experience difficulties eating , walking without help, become increasingly frail.

Osteoporosis is a disease of bones. It happens when you lose too much bone, make too little bone or both. Risk factors for osteoporosis involve aging, being female, low body weight, low sex hormones or menopause, smoking, and some medications. Osteoporosis may be usually due to lower than normal peak bone mass and greater than normal bone loss. Generally bone loss increases after menopause because of  lower levels of estrogen. Bone fractures, particularly in the spine or hip, which are the most serious complication for osteoporosis. Hip fractures can  result from a fall and can result in disability and sometimes death from postoperative complications, especially in older people. Prevention and treatment include calcium and vitamin D, exercise, and osteoporosis medications.

A cataract is  clouding of  lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.  Most cataracts are related to aging. Cataracts are very common in older people. Poor vision may also result in an increased risk of falling and depression. Risk factors may include diabetes, smoking, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and alcohol. Other factors that can increases risk of developing cataracts because of cigarette smoke, air pollution, and heavy alcohol consumption. Prevention by wearing sunglasses and avoiding smoking. Early on the symptoms may be improved with eyeglasses. If this does not help, surgery has to done to  remove the cloudy lens and replace it with an artificial lens is the only effective treatment.

Obesity is a where a person has accumulated so much body fat that it might have a negative effect on their health. It generally increases the risk of diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure. Obesity occurs extra time when you eat more calories than you use. The balance between calories-in and calories-out differs for each person. Obesity usually results from a combination of causes and contributing factors such as Genetics, family lifestyle, no physical activity, unhealthy diet, medical problems, age, pregnancy, quitting smoking and lack of sleep.

Hypertension is high blood pressure or arterial hypertension is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently increased. Blood pressure is recognized  both by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount of the  blood flow in your arteries. The more blood your heart pumps and the thinner your arteries, the higher your blood pressure. People with high blood pressure may have headaches, shortness of breath and  nosebleeds, but the signs and symptoms are not  specific and usually don't occur until high blood pressure has reached a severe, and sometimes life-threatening stage. High Blood pressure may have risk factors like age, race, family history, being overweight or obese, using tobacco, using more salt in the diet, stress, alcohol.

Epilepsy is a group of related disorders characterized by a tendency for recurrent seizures.  In epilepsy, seizures tend to recur, and have no immediate underlying cause while seizures that occur due to a specific cause are not deemed to represent epilepsy. The cause of most cases of epilepsy is unknown, although some people develop epilepsy as the result of brain injury, stroke, brain tumors, and substance use disorders. Seizure symptoms can vary widely. Some people with epilepsy simply stare blankly for a few seconds during a seizure, while others repeatedly twitch their arms or legs  If epilepsy is diagnosed (ongoing tendency to have seizures), the doctor will prescribe seizure-preventing drugs or anti-epileptic drugs.

A genetic disorder is a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome, especially a condition that is present from birth (congenital). Genetic disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene (monogenic disorder), by mutations in multiple genes by a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or by damage to chromosomes (changes in the number or structure of entire chromosomes, the structures that carry genes).

Environmental diseases are diseases that can be directly attributed to environmental factors as distinct from genetic factors or infection. Stress, physical and mental abuse, diet, exposure to toxins, pathogens, radiation, and chemicals found in almost all personal care products and household cleaners are possible causes of a large segment of non-hereditary disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive movement disorder, meaning that symptoms continue and worsen over time. Nearly one million people in the US are living with Parkinson's disease. The cause is unknown, and although there is presently no cure, there are treatment options such as medication and surgery to manage its symptoms.Parkinson’s involves the malfunction and death of vital nerve cells in the brain, called neurons. Parkinson's primarily affects neurons in an area of the brain called the substantia nigra.